Formation of Mercapturic Acids

Nephrotoxic and genotoxic N-acetyl-S-dichlorovinyl-L-cysteine is a urinary metabolite after occupational 1,1,2-trichloroethene exposure in humans: implications for the risk of trichloroethene exposure.

Excretion of mercapturic acids in the urine is indicative of the formation of electrophiles in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The determination of these mercapturic acids thus may be a useful method to estimate the exposure. We identified the nephrotoxic and mutagenic mercapturic acids N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L- cysteine and N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in the urine of worke...

The formation of mercapturic acids. 1. Formation of mercapturic acid and the levels of glutathione in tissues.

The metabolism of 2:4-,2:5-and 3:4-dichloronitrobenzene in the rabbit.

an appreciable proportion of a dose of most of these compounds was converted into mercapturic acid in the rabbit. These mercapturic acids had been formed by a process resulting in the substitution of either a nitro or a chloro group by the acetylcysteyl group (acetylcysteyldenitration or acetylcysteyldechlorination) instead of replacement of a nuclear hydrogen as had been observed in all previo...

Intrahepatic conversion of a glutathione conjugate to its mercapturic acid. Metabolism of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in isolated perfused rat and guinea pig livers.

Because of the low hepatic activity of gamma-glutamyl-transferase in the rat, the liver is generally considered to play only a minor role in the degradation of glutathione conjugates, a limiting step in mercapturic acid formation. Recent findings indicate, however, that the liver has a prominent role in glutathione catabolism, particularly in species other than rat. To examine the contributions...

The metabolism of pentachloronitrobenzene and 2:3:4:6-tetrachloronitrobenzene and the formation of mercapturic acids in the rabbit.

In the rabbit 2:3:5:6-tetrachloronitrobenzene is metabolized by reduction of the nitro group, hydroxylation and mercapturic acid formation (Bray, Hybs, James & Thorpe, 1953). The last reaction is of particular interest since it is accompanied by loss of a nitro group directly attached to the benzene ring. Two further examples of this type of reaction were encountered when pentachloronitrobenzen...